Drafting Orders The buyers decide to purchase the needed goods from the suppliers. The letter which the buyer sends to the supplier requesting supply of the stated goods is known as an “ order”. Hints for Drafting an Order 1. Thank the supplier for his quotation, especially if they have offered special terms. 2. Give...
Complaint Letters Introduction You need to politely state the problem. Include supporting documents, such as the following: Serial numbers Dates of purchase Invoice numbers Check numbers Names of salespeople involved in the purchase Also state those copies of these documents are enclosed Discussion: Explain in detail the problems experienced This could include dates, contact names,...
Bad-News Letter Unfortunately, you occasionally will be required to write bad-news letters. These letters might reject a job applicant, deny an employee a raise, tell a vendor that his or her company’s proposal has not been accepted, or reject a customer’s request for a refund. Sometimes, you might need to write a bad-news letter to...
Post-Speech activities Politely invite your audience to participate in a question-answer session When an audience member asks a question, make sure everyone hears it. If not, you can repeat the question. If you don’t understand the question, ask the audience member to repeat it and clarify. If you have no answer, tell the audience. Faking...
Improving Nonverbal communication Pay attention to signals. Focus on the tone, pitch, stress Use good eye contact Ask questions Use signals to make a good meaning Pay attention to time Consider the context Don’t slouch
What is Non-Verbal Communication? The communication in which we do not use words is called nonverbal communication. Wordless messages / Non-word communication Non-Verbal Communication can roughly be divided into six categories. 1. Kinesics It is the body movement and gestures regarded as a form of nonverbal communication. Example: Use of head, eyes, posture…. 2. Oculesics...
Introduction to Telecommunication System Evolution of telecommunicationsClassification of Switching SystemTransmission Media CharacteristicsTransmission Lines Data Communications IntroductionOSI ModelData TransmissionData encoding by Line codingAsynchronous and Synchronous TransmissionError DetectionInterfacingData Link LayerRouting in Packet switched NetworksFlow and Congestion ControlLAN, MAN and WAN Multiplexing and Switchig Frequency division multiplex, wavelength division multiplexSpace division multiplexTime division multiplex, North American TDM system,...
1. Downward Communication It flows from a higher authority to a lower authority. It can be oral and written. Examples: orders, instructions, counselling. 2. Upward Communication The flow of communication in the organization from lower levels to higher levels is called upward communication. Examples: Reports, requests, proposals, 3. Horizontal or Lateral Communication The flow of...
Algorithm Finite set of computational instructions Set of steps to solve the problem Properties: Input / output : some input from some standard set of input and must produce output Definiteness: each step must be unambiguous Finiteness: algorithm must terminate after finite tome or steps Correctness: correct set of output values must be provided from...
Master in e-Governance is a 2 years (semester-wise) degree offered by Nepal Open University. This course focuses on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to better deliver services to services seeker and democracy practices to governance. Course objectives of Master in e-Governance This course has the following objectives: Prepare dedicated IT leaders for the...